SOMME BRITISH Sector - Lochnagar Mine Crater - Hawthorn Ridge Mine Crater 

  • by Pierre Grande Guerre
  • 10 Apr, 2019

Years of visit: 2005, 2007, 2011

A visit to two mine craters out of the 17 huge mines, which were detonated along the Somme front on 1 July 1916 at 7.20 AM. We start at la Boisselle with the Lochnagar Mine Crater. Later on this page we will visit the Hawthorn Ridge Mine Crater near Beaumont Hamel.
The Lochnagar Memorial Cross made from church timber originating on Tyneside
Mine Warfare at the Somme
Before the Battle of the Somme  the Royal Engineers and Tunneling Companies were tunneling for months to get large amounts of explosives under the many German redoubts.

These mine chambers, at the end of a tunnel, were filled with 2.000 to 60.000 lbs. of explosives. In June 1916, before the Battle started, along the Western Front as a whole, the British detonated 101 mines, the Germans detonated 126 mines.

After the continous artillery bombardment, which started at dawn 24 June 1916, of 7 days and 7 nights on the German lines, with 1537 Artillery Guns and 3.000.000 shells, ...

... the British detonated 17 huge mines along the Somme front at 7.20 A.M.

There are almost none craters left, but we visited 2 craters, like this one:

I estimate the diameter of the Lochnagar Crater at about 75 m. and the depth about 25 m.

The diameter of the Lochnagar Crater is to wide to catch it in one view with  my camera lens. The Lochnagar mine was loaded by the 185th Tunneling Company with 2 charges of resp. 24.000 Lbs and 36.000 Lbs of Ammonal.

Warning! The crater is subject to increasing erosion. It is strictly forbidden  to clamber down into it. 

Before we continue to the Hawthorn Ridge Crater  I would like to show you this interesting video of the 3D laser scans carried out in June and October 2012 of the "Glory Hole" and the Lochnagar Crater at La Boisselle of the underground situation. Thanks to the La Boisselle Study Group (http://www.laboisselleproject.com/) !!
From the Lochnagar Crater we continue to Hawthorn Ridge east from Beaumont Hamel.

Hawthorn Ridge Cemetery no. 1 on the top of Hawthorn Ridge ... 

... offers a beautiful 360º panorama view over the battlefield, but also a view at the now wooded Hawthorn Crater.

The 252nd Tunnelling Company
The 252nd Tunnelling Company dug tunnel of 300 m. at a depth of 25 m., to end under the ridge and the German Hawthorn Redoubt.   The Company charged the huge underground dome with 40.000 Lbs. of Ammonal.

The Tunnelers detonated the mine 10 min. too early. Stills of the famous scene of Geoffrey Malins  of the explosion of the Hawthorn Mine, spreading debris and body parts.

Below: the original film scene of the Hawthorn Ridge explosion , filmed by Geoffrey Malins .  The explosion created a crater of 11 m. deep and over 100 m. wide.

View from  Sunken Lane to the Hawthorn RidgeThis is the same spot from where Geoffrey Malins filmed the explosion of the Hawthorn Mine.

Nowadays it is hard to detect in the overgrown crater, but it has the shape of an "8".

I climbed down to give you an impression of the depth in the northern circle of the "8",  and in the southern circle on a depth of about 10 m. My late wife, Chris, made these photos from the crater lip.

The second crater, finally forming the "8" shape, was created by a British explosion on 13 November 1916, because the first advance of 1 July at the Hawthorn Ridge was no success.

Detail British Trench Map d.d. 17-02-1917 showing the Hawthorn Ridge Crater.

View from the lip of the crater into the direction of  the Sunken Lane and Beaumont Hamel Cemetery.

On the next pages we will see what happened at 7.30 AM, when the infantry attacked Thiepval. 

 Continue to the next chapter: "Thiepval Memorial - Dorsets Memorial - Mouquet Farm"

by Pierre Grande Guerre 29 Nov, 2019
by Pierre Grande Guerre 14 Nov, 2019

Inleiding: Franz Von Papen & Werner Horn; schaker en pion

Onlangs stuitte ik in een oud boek (1) van 1919 op een opmerkelijk verhaal over een Duitse Luitenant, die in begin februari 1915 een half geslaagde bomaanslag pleegt op een spoorbrug over een grensrivier tussen de Verenigde Staten en Canada. Ook al staat de bekentenis van de dader, Werner Horn, deels in het boek te lezen, de naam van zijn opdrachtgever zal Horn blijven verzwijgen. Na wat verder zoeken vond ik ook de naam van Horn’s opdrachtgever, Franz von Papen, een van de aangeklaagden van het latere Neurenberg Proces in 1946.

In een Grote Oorlog als de Eerste Wereldoorlog  is Horn’s aanslag op de brug uiteraard slechts een bescheiden wapenfeit. Toch vermoed ik dat dit relatief onbekende verhaal, dat de geschiedenis is ingegaan als de “ Vanceboro International Bridge Bombing ”, nog interessante kanten kent. Het is onder andere een spionageverhaal over hoe in een groter plan een sluwe schaker zijn naïeve pion offert.  

Beknopte situatieschets Canada en de Verenigde Staten in 1915

by Pierre Grande Guerre 01 Oct, 2019

This trip we start at the Léomont near Vitrimont and we will with some exceptions concentrate on the Battle of Lorraine of August-September 1914 in the area, called, the “Trouée de Charmes”, the Gap of Charmes.

After the Léomont battlefield we continue our explorations to Friscati hill and its Nécropole Nationale. Next we pay a visit to the battlefield of la Tombe to go on to the Château de Lunéville. There we cross the Vezouze to move on southward to the Bayon Nécropole Nationale. At Bayon we cross the Moselle to pass Charmes for the panorama over the battlefield from the Haut du Mont. North-west of Charmes we will visit the British Military Cemetery containing 1918 war victims. From Charmes we go northward to the battlefield of the First French Victory of the Great War, the Battle of Rozelieures of 25 August 1914. North of Rozelieures we will visit the village of Gerbéviller. From there we make a jump northward to visit the ruins of Fort de Manonviller to finish with an interesting French Dressing Station bunker, west of Domjevin.

by Pierre Grande Guerre 18 Sept, 2019
Though we depart from Badonviller in the Northern Vosges , we make a jump northward to the east of Lunéville and Manonviller. We start at Avricourt on the border of Alsace and Lorraine. From the Avricourt Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof we explore the southern Lorraine battlefields ; the mine craters of Leintrey , the Franco- German war cemetery and Côte 303 at Reillon , and some German bunkers near Gondrexon , Montreux , and Parux.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 13 Sept, 2019
We depart from Raon-l’Etape to drive northward via Badonviller to Montreux to visit the  "Circuit du Front Allemand 14-18", the  Montreux German Front Walk 14-18,  with its trenches , breastworks , and at least twenty bunkers.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 08 Sept, 2019
North-east of Nancy, east of Pont-à-Mousson, and south-east of Metz we visit the battlefields of the Battle of Morhange of 14 until 20 August 1914. We follow mainly topographically the route of the French advance eastward over the Franco-German border of 1871-1918.
During this visit, we try to focus on the day that the momentum of the battle switched from the French side to the advantage of the Bavarian side: the day of 20 August 1914, when the Bavarians rapidly re-conquered the territory around Morhange , being also the day of the start of their rather successful “Schlacht in Lothringen”.
We will visit beautiful landscapes of the "Parc Naturel Régional de Lorraine", memorials, ossuaries, and cemeteries. Sometimes we will divert to other periods of the Great War, honouring Russian and Romanian soldiers, who died in this sector. We start our route at the border village of Manhoué, and via Frémery, Oron, Chicourt, Morhange, Riche, Conthil, Lidrezing, Dieuze, Vergaville, Bidestroff, Cutting, Bisping we will finish in Nomeny and Mailly-sur-Seille, where the Germans halted their advance on 20 August 1914, and where they constructed from 1915 some interesting bunkers.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 05 Sept, 2019
South of Manhoué we start this trip at Lanfroicourt along the French side of the Franco-German 1871-1918 border, marked by the meandering Seille river. We visit some French bunkers  in Lanfroicourt, near Array-et-Han and in Moivrons. From there we go northward to the outskirts of Nomeny and the hamlet of Brionne to visit the ( second ) memorial, commemorating the events in Nomeny of 20 August 1914. We continue westward to finish at the Monument du Grand Couronné at the Côte de Géneviève, a former French artillery base, which offers several panoramic views over the battlefield.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 28 Aug, 2019
North of Pont-à-Mousson and south of Metz, we explore the relics of German bunkers and fortifications along the Franco-German 1871-1918 border. We start at Bouxières-sous-Froidmont to visit the nearby height of the Froidmont on the front line. This time we will show only a part of the Froidmont, focusing on its military significance.  From the Froidmont we continue via Longeville-lès-Cheminot and Sillegny to the “Forêt Domaniale de Sillegny” to explore some artillery ammunition bunkers. Next we continue to Marieulles for its three interesting bunkers and to Vezon for its line of ammunition depot bunkers. From Vezon we continue to the “Deutscher Kriegsgräberstätte Fey – Buch”. From Fey we go eastward, passing 6 bunkers near Coin-lès-Cuvry to finish our trip at the top construction of the “Feste Wagner” or “Fort Verny”, north of Verny.
by Pierre Grande Guerre 25 Aug, 2019

From Badonviller or the Col du Donon we continue north-eastward for a visit to an extraordinarily well restored sample of German fortifications:  the Feste Kaiser Wilhelm II, or Fort de Mutzig,  lying on a height, some 8 km. away from the 1871-1918 Franco-German Border.

by Pierre Grande Guerre 23 Aug, 2019
We concentrate on the German side of the front around "Markirch", Sainte Marie-aux-Mines, the so-called "Leber" front sector . We first pay a visit to the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof, and next to the southern side of the Col de Ste. Marie for the many interesting bunkers of the German positions at the Bernhardstein, at the north-eastern slopes of the Tête du Violu. On the next photo page about the Haut de Faîte we will continue with a visit to the northern side of the pass and the "Leber" sector.
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